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8x32 PI

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2026-10-08 15:25:14 +02:00
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8x32 PI/outils/schemas.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Dessine les schémas du dossier « schemas » :
- branchement.svg : Raspberry Pi + 74AHCT125 + matrice + alimentation
- brochage_74ahct125.svg : la puce adaptatrice de niveau, patte par patte
- chaine_krita_matrice.svg : le trajet d'une animation, de Krita à la matrice
Usage : python3 outils/schemas.py"""
import os
ICI = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
SORTIE = os.path.join(ICI, "schemas")
ROUGE, NOIR, BLANC_FIL, VERT = "#d62828", "#1a1a1a", "#bdbdbd", "#2a9d3a"
JAUNE_GPIO = "#e0a800"
class Svg:
def __init__(self, l, h, titre):
self.l, self.h = l, h
self.out = [f'<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="{l}" height="{h}" '
f'viewBox="0 0 {l} {h}" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">',
f' <title>{titre}</title>',
' <defs><marker id="fleche" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="8" refY="5" '
'markerWidth="7" markerHeight="7" orient="auto"><path d="M1 1 L9 5 L1 9 Z" '
'fill="context-stroke"/></marker>'
'<marker id="flecheg" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="8" refY="5" markerWidth="6" '
'markerHeight="6" orient="auto"><path d="M1 1 L9 5 L1 9 Z" fill="#555"/></marker>'
'<marker id="flechec" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="8" refY="5" markerWidth="7" '
'markerHeight="7" orient="auto"><path d="M1 1 L9 5 L1 9 Z" fill="#cfcfcf"/></marker>'
'</defs>',
f' <rect width="{l}" height="{h}" fill="#ffffff"/>']
def add(self, s):
self.out.append(" " + s)
def rect(self, x, y, w, h, fill, rx=0, stroke=None, sw=1):
st = f' stroke="{stroke}" stroke-width="{sw}"' if stroke else ""
self.add(f'<rect x="{x}" y="{y}" width="{w}" height="{h}" rx="{rx}" fill="{fill}"{st}/>')
def texte(self, x, y, s, taille=13, c="#333", ancre="start", gras=False, mono=False):
g = ' font-weight="bold"' if gras else ""
m = ' font-family="monospace"' if mono else ""
self.add(f'<text x="{x}" y="{y}" font-size="{taille}" fill="{c}" '
f'text-anchor="{ancre}"{g}{m}>{s}</text>')
def fil(self, d, c, w=5):
self.add(f'<path d="{d}" stroke="{c}" stroke-width="{w}" fill="none" '
'stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/>')
def point(self, x, y, c, r=5):
self.add(f'<circle cx="{x}" cy="{y}" r="{r}" fill="{c}"/>')
def save(self, nom):
self.out.append("</svg>")
with open(os.path.join(SORTIE, nom), "w") as f:
f.write("\n".join(self.out) + "\n")
def hop_h(x_croise, sens=1, r=7):
"""Petit pont (demi-cercle) pour un fil horizontal qui en enjambe un autre.
sens = 1 : on va vers la droite ; -1 : vers la gauche."""
return (f"H{x_croise - sens * r} a{r} {r} 0 0 {1 if sens == 1 else 0} "
f"{2 * r * sens} 0")
# =============================================================================
# 1. BRANCHEMENT
# =============================================================================
def branchement():
s = Svg(1200, 940, "Branchement matrice WS2812B 8×32, Raspberry Pi, 74AHCT125 "
"et alimentation d'établi")
# ---------- matrice (vue de dos) ----------
s.texte(60, 38, "Matrice WS2812B 8 × 32 — vue de dos (côté fils)", 20, "#222", gras=True)
s.add('<pattern id="pix" x="60" y="55" width="30.625" height="30.625" '
'patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><rect x="9" y="9" width="12" height="12" rx="1" '
'fill="#2b2b2b"/></pattern>')
s.rect(60, 55, 980, 245, "#141414", 6)
s.rect(60, 55, 980, 245, "url(#pix)", 6)
s.add('<line x1="760" y1="150" x2="340" y2="150" stroke="#cfcfcf" stroke-width="3" '
'marker-end="url(#flechec)"/>')
s.texte(550, 135, "les données entrent par DIN et traversent les 256 LED", 15, "#e6e6e6", "middle")
for x, t in [(110, "5V"), (150, "GND"), (194, "DOUT"), (490, "5V"), (550, "GND"),
(880, "5V"), (910, "GND"), (940, "DIN")]:
s.texte(x, 268, t, 12, "#cfcfcf", "middle")
# ---------- sortie DOUT ----------
for x, c in [(110, ROUGE), (150, BLANC_FIL), (190, VERT)]:
s.fil(f"M{x} 282 V340", c)
s.rect(96, 340, 108, 24, "#222", 3)
s.texte(150, 390, "Sortie DOUT : ne rien brancher", 14, "#555", "middle")
s.texte(150, 408, "(sert à chaîner un 2e panneau)", 13, "#888", "middle")
# ---------- alimentation de la matrice (fils du milieu) ----------
s.fil("M490 282 V440 H530 V586", ROUGE, 6)
s.fil("M550 282 V420 H590 V586", NOIR, 6)
s.add('<line x1="490" y1="352" x2="506" y2="352" stroke="#777" stroke-width="2"/>')
s.add('<line x1="534" y1="352" x2="550" y2="352" stroke="#777" stroke-width="2"/>')
s.rect(506, 340, 28, 24, "#1f4e9c", 5)
s.rect(524, 340, 10, 24, "#c9d6ee")
s.texte(529, 356, "−", 13, "#1f4e9c", "middle", True)
s.texte(474, 340, "Condensateur 1000 µF", 14, "#1f4e9c", "end", True)
s.texte(474, 358, "bande « − » côté GND (fil noir)", 13, "#1f4e9c", "end")
s.texte(474, 375, "patte + côté 5V (fil rouge)", 13, "#1f4e9c", "end")
# ---------- alimentation d'établi ----------
s.rect(300, 500, 330, 210, "#e9ecef", 10, "#adb5bd", 2)
s.texte(465, 526, "Alimentation d'établi", 16, "#333", "middle", True)
s.rect(318, 540, 160, 96, "#1d2b1d", 4)
s.texte(398, 578, "5.00 V", 28, "#7dff7d", "middle", True, True)
s.texte(398, 618, "3.00 A", 20, "#ffb347", "middle", mono=True)
for x, t in [(345, "tension"), (420, "courant")]:
s.add(f'<circle cx="{x}" cy="672" r="16" fill="#666"/>')
s.texte(x, 702, t, 11, "#555", "middle")
s.add(f'<circle cx="530" cy="600" r="13" fill="{ROUGE}" stroke="#7a0f0f" stroke-width="2"/>')
s.add(f'<circle cx="590" cy="600" r="13" fill="{NOIR}" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2"/>')
s.texte(530, 637, "+", 15, ROUGE, "middle", True)
s.texte(590, 637, "−", 15, NOIR, "middle", True)
s.texte(560, 660, "bornes de", 12, "#555", "middle")
s.texte(560, 675, "sortie", 12, "#555", "middle")
# ---------- entrée DIN + fiche ----------
for x, c in [(880, ROUGE), (910, BLANC_FIL), (940, VERT)]:
s.fil(f"M{x} 282 V340", c)
s.rect(866, 340, 88, 22, "#222", 3)
s.rect(870, 364, 80, 22, "#3a3a3a", 3)
s.texte(966, 358, "connecteur DIN de la matrice", 13, "#555")
s.texte(966, 381, "+ fiche fournie (rouge / blanc / vert)", 13, "#555")
# ---------- plaque d'essai + 74AHCT125 ----------
s.rect(700, 425, 440, 190, "#f6f1e3", 8, "#d9cfb2", 2)
s.texte(1132, 608, "plaque d'essai", 12, "#a8997a", "end")
def broche_bas(n): # pattes 1 à 7 (rangée du bas), de gauche à droite
return 815 + (n - 1) * 28
def broche_haut(n): # pattes 14 à 8 (rangée du haut), de gauche à droite
return 815 + (14 - n) * 28
# fils de la fiche vers la plaque
s.fil(f"M880 386 V444 H{broche_haut(14)} V462", ROUGE) # 5V → VCC (14)
s.fil(f"M910 386 V454 {hop_h(broche_haut(14), -1)} H780 V585", BLANC_FIL) # GND → rail
s.fil(f"M940 386 V444 H1080 V470", VERT) # DIN → résistance
s.fil(f"M1080 510 V552 {hop_h(broche_bas(7), -1)} H{broche_bas(3)} V528", VERT)
# rail de masse
s.fil(f"M780 585 {hop_h(broche_bas(2), 1)} H{broche_bas(7)}", NOIR, 4)
s.fil(f"M{broche_bas(1)} 528 V585", NOIR, 4) # 1OE → GND
s.fil(f"M{broche_bas(7)} 528 V585", NOIR, 4) # GND (7)
for x in (780, broche_bas(1), broche_bas(7)):
s.point(x, 585, NOIR)
# la puce
s.rect(805, 470, 192, 50, "#222", 4)
s.add('<path d="M805 485 a10 10 0 0 1 0 20" fill="#555"/>')
s.texte(901, 500, "74AHCT125", 15, "#eee", "middle", True)
for n in range(1, 8):
s.rect(broche_bas(n) - 5, 520, 10, 8, "#b8b8b8")
s.texte(broche_bas(n), 515, str(n), 9, "#bbb", "middle")
for n in range(8, 15):
s.rect(broche_haut(n) - 5, 462, 10, 8, "#b8b8b8")
s.texte(broche_haut(n), 482, str(n), 9, "#bbb", "middle")
s.texte(broche_bas(1) - 10, 545, "1OE", 11, "#333", "end", True)
s.texte(broche_bas(2) + 6, 545, "1A", 11, JAUNE_GPIO, "start", True)
s.texte(broche_bas(3) + 6, 545, "1Y", 11, VERT, "start", True)
s.texte(broche_bas(7) + 8, 545, "GND", 11, "#333", "start", True)
# résistance 330 Ω
s.rect(1071, 470, 18, 40, "#e8d3a8", 6, "#a88a52")
for y, c in [(478, "#e67e22"), (486, "#e67e22"), (494, "#8b4513")]:
s.rect(1071, y, 18, 4, c)
s.rect(1071, 502, 18, 3, "#c9a227")
s.texte(1098, 486, "330 Ω", 13, "#7a5a1e", gras=True)
s.texte(966, 404, "fil rouge de la fiche : il alimente", 12, ROUGE, gras=True)
s.texte(966, 418, "la puce (patte 14 = VCC, 5 V)", 12, ROUGE, gras=True)
# ---------- Raspberry Pi ----------
s.rect(700, 645, 440, 230, "#1f7a3a", 12)
s.rect(750, 655, 336, 42, "#143d20", 3)
x0 = broche_bas(2) - 80 # x de la patte 2 → la patte 12 tombe sous « 1A »
for i in range(20):
for rang, y in ((0, 666), (1, 684)): # rangée du bord : pattes paires
n = 2 * i + 2 if rang == 0 else 2 * i + 1
couleur = "#d4af37"
if n in (2, 4):
couleur = ROUGE
elif n in (6, 14):
couleur = NOIR
elif n == 12:
couleur = JAUNE_GPIO
s.rect(x0 + i * 16 - 5, y - 5, 10, 10, couleur, 1)
s.texte(x0 - 9, 670, "2", 9, "#cde", "end")
s.texte(x0 - 9, 688, "1", 9, "#cde", "end")
s.texte(x0 + 19 * 16 + 9, 670, "40", 9, "#cde")
s.texte(x0 + 19 * 16 + 9, 688, "39", 9, "#cde")
# GPIO 18 (patte 12) → 1A (patte 2)
s.fil(f"M{broche_bas(2)} 528 V661", JAUNE_GPIO)
# GND (patte 6) ← rail
s.fil(f"M780 585 V630 H{x0 + 32} V661", NOIR, 4)
s.texte(920, 770, "Raspberry Pi", 24, "#fff", "middle", True)
s.texte(920, 794, "3B+, 4 ou Zero 2 W (pas le Pi 5)", 14, "#d8f0dd", "middle")
s.texte(x0 + 80, 712, "patte 12 = GPIO 18", 12, "#ffe08a", "start", True)
s.texte(x0 + 30, 712, "patte 6 = GND", 12, "#fff", "end", True)
s.add(f'<path d="M{x0 + 8} 833 L{x0 + 24} 849 M{x0 + 24} 833 L{x0 + 8} 849" '
f'stroke="#ffb3b3" stroke-width="3"/>')
s.texte(x0 + 34, 846, "pattes 2 et 4 (5 V) : NE PAS relier à la matrice", 12, "#ffd6d6")
# alimentation USB du Pi
s.rect(1140, 790, 18, 34, "#b8b8b8", 3)
s.fil("M1158 807 H1180 V900", "#555")
s.texte(1170, 918, "bloc secteur USB du Pi", 13, "#333", "end")
s.texte(1170, 935, "(5 V, 2,5 A ou plus)", 12, "#777", "end")
# ---------- légende ----------
s.rect(40, 470, 236, 300, "#f8f9fa", 8, "#dee2e6")
s.texte(56, 496, "Code couleur des fils", 15, "#222", gras=True)
for i, (c, t) in enumerate([(ROUGE, "rouge = + 5 V"), (NOIR, "noir = GND (masse)"),
(BLANC_FIL, "blanc = GND (masse)"), (VERT, "vert = données 5 V"),
(JAUNE_GPIO, "jaune = données 3,3 V")]):
y = 520 + i * 28
s.add(f'<line x1="56" y1="{y}" x2="90" y2="{y}" stroke="{c}" stroke-width="6" '
'stroke-linecap="round"/>')
s.texte(100, y + 5, t, 14)
s.texte(56, 670, "Tous les GND sont reliés :", 13, "#555")
s.texte(56, 688, "Pi ↔ puce ↔ fil blanc ↔ matrice", 13, "#555")
s.texte(56, 706, "↔ fil noir ↔ borne − de l'alim.", 13, "#555")
s.texte(56, 730, "Alim. réglée sur 5,0 V maxi !", 13, "#b00020", gras=True)
s.texte(56, 752, "Un pont = les fils se croisent", 12, "#777")
s.texte(56, 766, "sans se toucher.", 12, "#777")
s.save("branchement.svg")
# =============================================================================
# 2. BROCHAGE DU 74AHCT125
# =============================================================================
def brochage():
s = Svg(820, 470, "Brochage du 74AHCT125 (vu de dessus)")
s.texte(410, 36, "74AHCT125 vu de DESSUS (encoche à gauche)", 20, "#222", "middle", True)
s.rect(250, 150, 320, 110, "#222", 6)
s.add('<path d="M250 185 a20 20 0 0 1 0 40" fill="#555"/>')
s.add('<circle cx="275" cy="240" r="6" fill="#555"/>')
s.texte(410, 212, "74AHCT125", 24, "#eee", "middle", True)
bas = {1: ("1OE", "→ GND", "#333"), 2: ("1A", "← GPIO 18", JAUNE_GPIO),
3: ("1Y", "→ 330 Ω → DIN", VERT), 4: ("2OE", "", "#aaa"), 5: ("2A", "", "#aaa"),
6: ("2Y", "", "#aaa"), 7: ("GND", "→ GND", "#333")}
haut = {14: ("VCC", "← 5 V", ROUGE), 13: ("4OE", "", "#aaa"), 12: ("4A", "", "#aaa"),
11: ("4Y", "", "#aaa"), 10: ("3OE", "", "#aaa"), 9: ("3A", "", "#aaa"),
8: ("3Y", "", "#aaa")}
for n, (nom, role, c) in bas.items():
x = 280 + (n - 1) * 43
s.rect(x - 8, 260, 16, 26, "#b8b8b8")
s.texte(x, 252, str(n), 12, "#bbb", "middle")
s.texte(x, 306, nom, 14, c, "middle", True)
if role:
y = 338 + {1: 0, 2: 22, 3: 44, 7: 0}[n] * 1
s.add(f'<line x1="{x}" y1="312" x2="{x}" y2="{y - 13}" stroke="{c}" stroke-width="1.5"/>')
s.texte(x, y, role, 13, c, "middle", True)
for n, (nom, role, c) in haut.items():
x = 280 + (14 - n) * 43
s.rect(x - 8, 124, 16, 26, "#b8b8b8")
s.texte(x, 168, str(n), 12, "#bbb", "middle")
s.texte(x, 114, nom, 14, c, "middle", True)
if role:
s.texte(x, 92, role, 13, c, "middle", True)
s.texte(40, 445, "On n'utilise qu'une des 4 « portes » (la n° 1). Pattes en gris : non branchées "
"(on peut relier 4, 10 et 13 au 5 V pour les désactiver).", 13, "#555")
s.save("brochage_74ahct125.svg")
# =============================================================================
# 3. DE KRITA À LA MATRICE
# =============================================================================
def chaine():
s = Svg(1200, 330, "De Krita à la matrice : le trajet d'une animation")
etapes = [
("#7b3fa0", "1. Dessiner", ["Krita", "document 32 × 8 px", "pixel art, sans flou"]),
("#b5418f", "2. Exporter", ["GIF animé", "ou séquence de PNG", "(Rendu de l'animation)"]),
("#c9682a", "3. Vérifier", ["verifier_animation.py", "+ simulateur", "sur l'ordinateur"]),
("#b08900", "4. Déposer", ["dossier « animations »", "carte SD ou réseau", "(01_, 02_… = ordre)"]),
("#1f7a3a", "5. Lire", ["Raspberry Pi", "lecteur.py : gamma,", "luminosité, serpentin"]),
("#2f6fc4", "6. Afficher", ["74AHCT125 (3,3 → 5 V)", "puis 256 LED", "WS2812B"]),
]
larg, ecart = 170, 28
for i, (c, titre, lignes) in enumerate(etapes):
x = 30 + i * (larg + ecart)
s.rect(x, 60, larg, 190, "#ffffff", 12, c, 3)
s.rect(x, 60, larg, 46, c, 12)
s.rect(x, 90, larg, 16, c)
s.texte(x + larg / 2, 90, titre, 18, "#fff", "middle", True)
for j, t in enumerate(lignes):
s.texte(x + larg / 2, 140 + j * 26, t, 14 if j == 0 else 13,
"#222" if j == 0 else "#555", "middle", j == 0)
if i < len(etapes) - 1:
s.add(f'<line x1="{x + larg + 4}" y1="155" x2="{x + larg + ecart - 4}" y2="155" '
'stroke="#555" stroke-width="3" marker-end="url(#flecheg)"/>')
s.texte(30, 36, "De Krita à la matrice", 22, "#222", gras=True)
s.add('<path d="M115 270 V292 H1003 V270" stroke="#aaa" stroke-width="2" fill="none" '
'stroke-dasharray="6 5"/>')
s.texte(559, 316, "Étapes 1 à 4 : l'équipe design, sur n'importe quel ordinateur. "
"Étapes 5 et 6 : automatiques, dans la vitrine.", 14, "#555", "middle")
s.save("chaine_krita_matrice.svg")
if __name__ == "__main__":
os.makedirs(SORTIE, exist_ok=True)
branchement()
brochage()
chaine()
print("Schémas écrits dans", SORTIE)